C1 OriginalWorksheet
PDFTests Originals
This worksheet practises the subjective (epistemic) use of German modal verbs to express certainty, probability, possibility, hearsay, doubtful claims and concessions. It covers present and past forms with the perfect infinitive, as well as negatives, questions and word order in subordinate clauses. It is designed for C1 learners who want to understand and use these nuances accurately.
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C1 German worksheet on subjective modal verbs: müssen, dürfte, können, sollen, wollen and mögen to express certainty, hearsay and claims, with answers.
Start with the matching exercise to establish the scale of certainty (muss > dürfte > kann/könnte > kann nicht), then move on to form. Common mistakes include choosing the wrong auxiliary in the perfect infinitive (gewesen haben instead of gewesen sein), confusing 'muss nicht' (not necessarily) with 'kann nicht' (impossible), and putting the modal in the wrong position in subordinate clauses. As a follow-up, ask learners to rewrite a short news report or a piece of gossip using sollen and wollen, or to speculate about mystery photos using müssen, dürfte and könnte.